Azerbaijan has the most mud volcano of any country, spread broadly across the country. 350 of the 700 volcanoes of the world are in the Azerbaijani Republic.^[1] Local people call them “yanardagh” (burning mountain), “pilpila” (terrace), “gaynacha” (boiling water) and “bozdag” (grey mountain).

Mud volcanoes are underground and submarine famed in Azerbaijan. There are more than 140 submarine mud  volcanoes in the Caspian Sea. Eight islands in the Baku Archipelago are mud volcanoes in origin. The other kind of mud volcanoes are wells. Their activity can be observed among strata of various ages.

About 200 eruptions have occurred in 50 volcanoes in the region since 1810. Eruptions are accompanied by strong explosions and underground rumbling. Gasses come out from the deepest layers of the earth and immediately ignite, with flames reaching 1,000 meters at the Garasu volcano. The Toragay volcano erupted six times from 1841 to 1950.

Mud volcanoes are associated with oilfields. Rich oil and gas fields are found in the territories of mud volcanoes (Lokbatan, Garadagh, Neft Dashlari, Mishovdagh and others). NASA geologists studying the planet Mars concluded that Azerbaijan’s mud volcanoes have a similar structure to the uplands of Mars.

The eruptions of volcanoes are used as raw material in the chemical and construction industries as well as in pharmacology. In 2007, the State Natural reserves were created, covering the Absheron Peninsula.^[2]

The Gotur Dag volcano, located 70 km from Baku, is 150 m (492 ft) tall with a depth of 20 m (66 ft). Its last eruptions occurred in 1966 and in 1970. The overall volume of breccia is about 530×10⁶ m³ (19×10⁹ cu ft).

Bahar volcano is located 55 km from Baku, with a height of 45.0 m (147.6 ft). The last eruption was detected in 1993. Lokbatan volcano is located 15.0 km (9.3 mi) from Baku. Several eruptions from the 19th century were detected; the last eruption was in 2001.^[3][4]

The Ayranteken volcano can be considered as the most active volcano in Azerbaijan. Located 65 km from Baku, many eruptions are accompanied by underground explosions and huge flames. The volcano reaches 190 meters. Its first eruptions are dated 1964 up to 1990.^[4] Near the volcano, 800m length cracks can be found. Breccia of this volcano covers 805 hectares.

The September 23, 2018, eruption of Otman Bozdag reached 4 km long with cracks as deep as 80 m.^[5][6] The last eruption of the Moose volcano occurred in 1970. Flames reached up to 1 km in height. Local earthquakes were felt.^[7]

On July 4, 2021, at 21:51, an 8-minute long mud volcano eruption on Dashli ada in the Caspian Sea, located 10 km from an oil platform off the coast of Azerbaijan, caused a massive explosion and fireball, which was seen across the region, including from Baku, 74 km to the north. The flames towered 500 meters into the air.^[8][9][10] There were no reports of injuries or damage to any oil platforms. It was speculated to either have been the eruption of a mud volcano, or the explosion of a gas pipeline. However, scientists confirmed that the explosion came from a mud volcano called ‘Makarov Bank’, and occurred near the Umid gas field, where there are both gas pipelines and natural pockets of compressed gas, as are commonly found in the Caspian Sea.^[11][12] The last previous volcanic eruption on the island was recorded in 1945 and the preceding one in 1920.

Azerbaijan is home to the largest number of mud volcanoes in the world, and most of them are located just outside Baku, making this destination one of the most unique natural wonders in the region. If you are planning to travel Azerbaijan, the Mud Volcanoes tour is a must-experience adventure that showcases the raw beauty and geological power of the country.

As a professional travel agency in Azerbaijan and a reliable Baku tour operator, we offer unforgettable Baku tours and day trips that allow travelers to explore these otherworldly landscapes safely and comfortably. Our Mud Volcanoes tour combines adventure, nature, and culture — creating a perfect experience for every visitor.

The Mud Volcanoes of Azerbaijan erupt cold mud, forming incredible formations and crater-like surfaces that look like a small Mars on Earth. This is why many travelers searching for tours in Baku choose this destination as one of their top highlights.

Our Azerbaijan tours include private transfers, expert local guides, and smooth travel arrangements organized by a trusted travel agency in Baku. During the tour, you will also discover surrounding attractions such as the Gobustan National Park, ancient petroglyphs, and panoramic views across the Caspian region — making your trip both educational and visually breathtaking.

Whether you are looking for an adventure-filled itinerary or a comfortable sightseeing trip, our team ensures that every detail is professionally arranged. Book your Mud Volcanoes experience with a certified Baku tour operator and enjoy one of the most iconic natural wonders while you travel Azerbaijan with confidence and comfort.

Gobustan – Ancient Rock Art, Mud Volcanoes & One of the Best Day Trips from Baku

Gobustan National Park, also known as Gobustan Rocks, is one of the most iconic and historically important places to visit in Azerbaijan. Located just 60 km south of Baku, Gobustan is famous for its ancient petroglyphs, prehistoric rock carvings, UNESCO World Heritage archaeological sites, and the world-famous Mud Volcanoes. For many travelers, a trip to Gobustan is the highlight of their journey and one of the best things to do in Baku.

This destination is included in almost every Baku city tour, Baku day trip, and Azerbaijan tour package, making it a must-visit spot for culture lovers, adventure seekers, and history enthusiasts. If you’re booking tours with a travel agency in Baku or a tour operator in Azerbaijan, Gobustan is always among the top recommended places.

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What Makes Gobustan Special?

Gobustan is known worldwide for its over 6,000 rock engravings, dating back more than 15,000 years. These ancient carvings show scenes of hunting, dancing, boats, rituals, animals, and early human life. The site tells the story of prehistoric civilizations that once lived in the region and is one of the most fascinating archaeological parks in the Caucasus.

Gobustan is officially recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site, making it a key destination for travelers exploring the cultural and historical side of Azerbaijan.

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Gobustan Rocks – Petroglyphs & Prehistoric Life

The famous Gobustan Rocks are scattered across the mountains of Boyukdash, Kichikdash, and Jingirdag. Visitors can walk along marked paths, climb between the stones, and observe the incredibly well-preserved petroglyphs.

Gobustan Rocks showcase:

• Human figures

• Hunters with spears

• Ancient boats

• Ritual dances

• Wild animals

• Sun symbols

• Tribal life scenes

These carvings make Gobustan one of the most valuable archaeological parks in the world.

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Mud Volcanoes – A Natural Wonder

Just a short drive from Gobustan National Park lies one of the world’s largest concentrations of mud volcanoes. Azerbaijan is home to nearly half of all mud volcanoes on Earth, and Gobustan is the best place to see them up close.

The Mud Volcanoes near Baku attract thousands of tourists every year because:

• They erupt with cold mud (safe to observe)

• They create unique landscapes

• They are amazing for photography

• They are included in most Baku tours and Azerbaijan day trips

Many Baku travel agencies combine both Gobustan Rocks and Mud Volcanoes in a single half-day or full-day tour.

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Gobustan Day Trips from Baku

Tourists visiting the country often join organized Baku day trips that include:

• Gobustan National Park (UNESCO site)

• Gobustan Rocks

• Mud Volcanoes

• Bibi-Heybat Mosque

• Oil fields

• Caspian Sea views

• Optional Fire Temple (Ateshgah) and Yanardag tours

Every trusted tour operator in Azerbaijan and every travel agency in Baku offers this itinerary because it gives a full picture of Azerbaijan’s nature, history, and culture in one day.

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Why Gobustan Is One of the Best Baku Tours

Gobustan tours are extremely popular because they are:

• Short and easy to reach

• Perfect for families, couples, and solo travelers

• Great for photography

• Educational and fun

• Full of natural and historical attractions

• Suitable all year round

For many visitors, Gobustan is the number one experience among all Baku tours.

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